An adjective is a word that modifies a noun. There are many types of adjectives: descriptive adjectives, verbal adjectives, demonstrative adjectives, relative adjectives etc...
In this chapter, we will study the descriptive or qualifying adjectives.
Let’s start with the following examples:
J’ai acheté un grand coffre à jouets.
I bought a big toy chest.
“grand” is a descriptive adjective. It modifies or describes the noun “coffre”.
Notice that the adjective in the sentence above preceded the noun.
Elle a des parents très sévères.
She has very strict parents.
“sévères” is a descriptive adjective. It modifies the noun “parents”.
Notice that the adjective in the sentence above followed the noun.
Remember: Unlike in English, adjectives related to nationality, religion and ethnicity in French are not capitalized, i.e. they don't start with a capital letter.
We generally form the feminine of adjectives by adding “e” to the masculine form. However, there are many adjectives that depend on their endings to determine their feminine form. In this lesson, we will study the feminine form of the adjectives ending in: “et, ot, s, x, f and eur”.
For example:
Exceptions:
The following adjectives ending in “et” form their feminine adjective by adding an “e” at the end of the masculine adjective and an “accent grave” to the “e” that precedes the final “t”.
For example:
Exceptions:
For example:
Exceptions:
The following adjectives ending in “eur” form their feminine adjectives by adding an “e” at the end of the word.
In this chapter, we will study the descriptive or qualifying adjectives.
Let’s start with the following examples:
J’ai acheté un grand coffre à jouets.
I bought a big toy chest.
“grand” is a descriptive adjective. It modifies or describes the noun “coffre”.
Notice that the adjective in the sentence above preceded the noun.
Elle a des parents très sévères.
She has very strict parents.
“sévères” is a descriptive adjective. It modifies the noun “parents”.
Notice that the adjective in the sentence above followed the noun.
Remember: Unlike in English, adjectives related to nationality, religion and ethnicity in French are not capitalized, i.e. they don't start with a capital letter.
We generally form the feminine of adjectives by adding “e” to the masculine form. However, there are many adjectives that depend on their endings to determine their feminine form. In this lesson, we will study the feminine form of the adjectives ending in: “et, ot, s, x, f and eur”.
Adjectives ending in -et, -ot, -s
Some adjectives ending in “et, ot, s” form their feminine by doubling the final “t” or “s” and adding an ‘e” to the masculine adjective.For example:
| Masculine | Feminine |
| muet | muette |
| gros | grosse |
| épais | épaisse |
| sot | sotte |
| bas | basse |
| vieillot | vieillotte |
| rondelet | rondelette |
| coquet | coquette |
Exceptions:
The following adjectives ending in “et” form their feminine adjective by adding an “e” at the end of the masculine adjective and an “accent grave” to the “e” that precedes the final “t”.
| Masculine | Feminine |
| inquiet | inquiète |
| complet | complète |
| incomplet | incomplète |
| secret | secrète |
| discret | discrète |
| indiscret | indiscrète |
| concret | concrète |
Adjectives ending in -x
The adjectives ending in “x” form their feminine adjectives by removing the final “x” in the masculine adjectives and replacing it with “se”.For example:
| Masculine | Feminine |
| délicieux | délicieuse |
| jaloux | jalouse |
| pieux | pieuse |
| précieux | précieuse |
| piteux | piteuse |
| affectueux | affectueuse |
| épineux | épineuse |
| onéreux | onéreuse |
| onctueux | onctueuse |
| mystérieux | mystérieuse |
Exceptions:
| Masculine | Feminine |
| doux | douce |
| faux | fausse |
| roux | rousse |
| vieux | vieille |
Adjectives ending in -f
The adjectives ending in “f” form their feminine adjectives by replacing the final “f” in the masculine adjectives with “ve”:| Masculine | Feminine |
| actif | active |
| relatif | relative |
| pensif | pensive |
| fautif | fautive |
| passif | passive |
| portatif | portative |
| nocif | nocive |
| craintif | craintive |
| définitif | définitive |
| vif | vive |
Adjectives ending in -eur
The adjectives ending in “eur” form their feminine adjectives by replacing the final “r” with “se”.For example:
| Masculine | Feminine |
| trompeur | trompeuse |
| porteur | porteuse |
| charmeur | charmeuse |
| pollueur | pollueuse |
Exceptions:
The following adjectives ending in “eur” form their feminine adjectives by adding an “e” at the end of the word.
| Masculine | Feminine |
| antérieur | antérieure |
| postérieur | postérieure |
| inférieur | inférieure |
| intérieur | intérieure |
| extérieur | extérieure |
| majeur | majeure |
| meilleur | meilleure |
| ultérieur | ultérieure |